内蒙古高原有蹄类动物资源的分布与历史变迁

The Distribution and Historical Changes of Ungulate Animals in Inner Mongolia Plateau

内蒙古高原有蹄类动物有4科10属13种,其中西伯利亚狍和马鹿是林草交错区分布的动物,以林为主,但也渗透到草原;藏原羚、岩羊、盘羊和北山羊栖息于高原的一些山地和丘陵,不进入高平原区;普氏原羚、蒙原羚、塔里木鹅喉羚、赛加羚、野骆驼、蒙古野驴和普氏野马是典型的高原物种,其中蒙原羚和塔里木鹅喉羚是北方草原和荒漠的代表种。但是,近现代以来,这些物种的分布发生了剧烈的变化,普氏野马、藏原羚、普氏原羚和赛加羚近代已从内蒙古高原消失,野骆驼疑似在阿拉善的马鬃山有分布,而盘羊、岩羊和北山羊挤压到草原和荒漠的几个山地孤岛上,大范围分布的蒙原羚和和普氏原羚种群呈线性下降。造成这些动物的种群减少和消失主要原因是人为干扰的结果,这些干扰表现为:垦殖行为、围栏割裂行为、水资源过度消耗行为。为保护这些动物建议建立国家公园体系,同时预留生态空间。

There are thirteen kinds of hoofed animals in Inner Mongolia Plateau,including of four families,ten genes and thirteen species.Roe deer and red deer habitate in the ecotone between grassland and forest,the Tibetan gazelle,blue sheep,argrali sheep and aipinelbex dwell in the mountains and hills of the plateau.However,mongolian gazelle,przewalskis gazelle,goiterd gazelle,tibetan gazelle,mongolian saiga,mongolian ass,mongolian horse and wild camel are the typical hoofed animals in Mongolian Plateau.It has been a giant change for the kinds and numbers of hoofed animals in the Mongolian Plateau since modern times.przewalskis gazelle,goiterd gazelle,tibetan gazelle,mongolian saiga,and mongolian horse have disappeared from Mongolian Plateau,the other hoofed animals population has gone down quikly.The main reasons for the hoofed animals population decline is that the people disturbance,such as reclaiming and cultivating grassland,fencing forage,overuse of water resources,etc.Thus,to protect the hoofed animals in Mongolian Plateau,we should set up a national park system and ecological space for the hoofed animals.