均衡与重构:城市社区体育风险治理的破壁之道

Equilibrium and Reconstruction: Resolution of Problems in Risk Governance of Community Sports

作为群众体育的重要组成部分,城市社区体育成为落实全民健身基本国策,实现"单位中国"向"社区中国"转变的重要环节。当相对有限的社区体育资源面对日益繁杂的体育活动需求,管理者应如何对其间的社会风险进行治理恰恰是必须关注的重要问题。从政府、市场与社会组织三个主体角度,我国社区体育潜在社会风险表现在:群体分化与冲突风险、市场风险、政府管理掣肘风险。基于城市社区体育中"民众需求—制度效能"传统维度审视,政府内部管理存在"内卷化"倾向,政府外部体育资源分配亦具有粗放化的特征。未来治理路径应基于内外兼修的方向,内部形塑出共建、共治与共享治理格局,外部推动精细化的体育资源供给机制,最终打造长效性风险治理机制。

As the core of public sports, community sports are essential in implementing National Fitness Program and the transition from unit integration to community integration. At present, sports resources cannot satisfy the demand of the development of community sports. The government should take into consideration the regulation of the social risks. From the perspective of government, market and organization, the social risks can come from the group differentiation and conflict, market and governance. From perspective of the people's needs and institutional effectiveness, the internal governmental management is characterized by involution and the distribution of sports resources is extensive. To resolve such problems, permanent mechanism of risk governance which achieves joint and shared governance as well as co-operation, specified distribution mechanism of sports resources are to be built for far-reaching effects.