周恩来与1950年中苏贸易谈判

Zhou Enlai and Sino-Soviet Trade Negotiations in 1950

1950年1月,周恩来在毛泽东的要求下赴苏,与在莫斯科的毛泽东会合并共同领导中苏谈判工作。在中苏谈判中,中苏贸易协定是最繁难的一项谈判,因为这涉及的是两国间贸易,交换的物品种类繁多,货单的厘定极其困难。为此,周恩来出国前做了大量准备工作。中苏条约与两个协定的签订为后期贸易谈判打下了坚实的政治基础。在中苏贸易原则确定以后,周恩来为尽快达成中苏贸易协定与各项合同,进行了大量细致入微的工作,在中苏战略物资贸易谈判中可见一斑。周恩来认为,贸易从根本上说还是为生产服务,为国家建设服务。这就要求必须从大局着眼处理贸易问题,不能只算贸易账、只看到贸易上的个别得失。周恩来在指导中苏贸易协定签订和履行过程中,十分注意维护我国主权独立自主的形象,千方百计不使我国主权受损。

In January, 1950, Zhou Enlai went to Soviet Union in the request of Mao Zedong, and worked with Mao Zedong to jointly lead the negotiations between China and the Soviet union in Moscow. During the Sino-Soviet negotiations, the Sino-Soviet trade agreement was the most difficult negotiation, because it involved the trade between the two countries and the exchange of tremendous items, the detailed list of the items were extremely difficult to determine. Therefore, Zhou Enlai did a lot of preparatory work before going abroad. The signing of the Sino-Soviet treaty and the two agreements laid a solid political foundation for the later trade negotiations. After the establishment of Sino-Soviet trade principles, in order to reach the Sino-Soviet trade agreement and various contracts as soon as possible,Zhou Enlai made a lot of meticulous work which can be seen partly in the Sino-Soviet strategic material trade negotiations. In view of Zhou Enlai’s opinion, trade was basically a service to production and national construction. This required us to deal with trade issues from the overall perspective, not just from the trade itself and individual gains and losses of trade. Zhou Enlai paid much attention to maintain the image of China’s sovereign independence in guiding the signing and the implementing of Sino-soviet trade agreement, tried his best not to damage the China’s sovereignty.