“宾礼”诠释

Annotation of “The Rite of Reception”

传统"五礼"中"宾礼"的概念与"宾客之礼"不可等同。对后者,我们较为熟悉,上至国家元首接见外宾,下至普通民众见面作揖等均属此类。对于前者的涵义则较为陌生,《周礼·春官·大宗伯》将其分为"朝""宗""觐""遇""会""同""问""视"八个项目,前四者是四方诸侯分春夏秋冬四时前来朝见,"会"是诸侯有不顺服者当方诸侯朝见会盟,"同"是天子十二年没有巡守时"六服"内诸侯来朝,"问"是天子有征伐行动时不当方诸侯派遣大夫向王问安,"视"是当年只有"一服"朝王时其他"五服"诸侯派遣卿向天子问安。这八个项目的设定,其目的,是为了相"亲附",核心是相"敬",此为宾礼的"礼义"。

As one of the five-rites,"the rite of reception" was a kind of important political system and etiquette system in the antiquity time and it was close related with the country's political rule. It is not the same as the rites of reception to guests. The book of Zhou Li says"the rite of reception" contains eight projects: Worship;Suzerain;Go to Court;Encounter;Meeting;Alliance;Greeting;Seeing. The objective of this eight projects at the understanding and intimity between king and princes. This is the basic element of "the rite of reception".