教育戏剧内涵及在幼儿园的应用

The Connotation of Drama in Education and its Application in Kindergarten

教育戏剧与戏剧教育不同,教育戏剧是以教育而非演出为主要目的的戏剧,是作为教育手段的戏剧。在幼儿自发性戏剧游戏活动、以"戏剧"形式为主的即兴创作活动和以"剧场"形式为主的即兴创作活动这三种戏剧类型中,教育戏剧定位于以"戏剧"形式为主的即兴创作活动。教育戏剧在教学上的发展经历了"以人为中心"到"以问题为中心"再到"以科目为中心"的三个阶段。美国偏重戏剧的艺术价值,主要以创造性戏剧为主;而在英国偏重戏剧在教学上的工具价值,强调利用戏剧来统整教学及实现教学目标。教育戏剧在幼儿园的发展形成了两个类别四种形式:在以幼儿自发性戏剧游戏为主的类别中,包含了随机性的戏剧游戏和主题引导的戏剧游戏;在以教师安排的戏剧教育活动中,包含了议题性的戏剧教育活动和创造性的戏剧教育活动。

Different from drama education,Drama in Education’s main purpose lies in its educative teaching.Among three kinds of drama: spontaneous dramatic play,improvisation with dramatic form and improvisation with theatre style,DIE belongs to the second one.Educative drama passes through three phases,from “human-centered education” to “question-centered education”,to “subject-centered” education.Gradually,the artistic teaching and creative teaching of drama come into being in US.While in UK,educative drama emphasizes on the instrumental value of drama in teaching,emphasizing the use of drama to integrate teaching and achieve teaching objectives.Educative drama in nursery school can be divided into four forms and two types.The spontaneous dramatic play includes spontaneous dramatic play and theme oriented dramatic play.Teacher arranged dramatic education activities can be further divided into topic-centered activities and creative dramatic education activities.