玛雅墓室壁画的宗教意义——以帕卡尔石棺线刻图像为例

Religious Significance of Maya Tomb Murals with a Case Study of Carved Images on Pakal's Sarcophagus

玛雅文明是世界最著名的古代文化之一,本文通过从垂直空间的三大领界、水平空间的四合秩序、通往下界的"门户"、先祖与神灵四个方面分析帕卡尔石棺盖板图像,认知反映天、地、人之间关系的玛雅宇宙观及宗教信仰。这些宗教信仰渗透进入玛雅社会生活的方方面面,构筑了玛雅人的宇宙空间结构、神灵体系、创世演变、宗教仪式、死亡与重生以及稳定上流阶层的地位,从而维系了古代玛雅社会的稳定运转。

Maya civilization is one of the most well-known ancient civilizations and this paper analyzes the images on Pakal's sarcophagus to learn Maya worldview and religious beliefs that reflect the relationship between heaven,earth and human from the following four aspects:the vertical space with three domains,the horizontal space with four directions,the“gate”to the underworld and ancestors&spirits.These religious beliefs penetrated into every aspect of Maya social life that laid the foundation for their view of cosmic space,system of holy spirits,evolution,religious rites,death&rebirth and sustained the social status of the upper class to guarantee the stability of the ancient Maya society.