觉醒与解放——论《终身大事》和《布谷鸟又叫了》中的婚姻自由问题

Awakening and Liberation: Freedom of Marriage in the Plays A Big Deal in Life and The Cuckoo Calls Again

本文通过细致剖析《终身大事》与《布谷鸟又叫了》这两部话剧作品,诠释了男女平等、婚恋自由等民主革命议题在中国现代思想史上的发展流变规律,并以戏剧艺术创作形态的变迁作为参照,展示了自由主义思想与马克思主义思想的一场历史博弈。胡适的《终身大事》是中国现代戏剧的发端,其创作形态和思想内容不仅可以代表新文化运动时期蔚为大观的社会问题剧创作,而且能够反应自由主义思想反对封建礼教、宣扬进步观念的特色。同时,因为缺乏必要的社会历史分析,作品最终陷入了无法超越的局限:它无力探问社会弊病的根源,更无力提供有效的解决方案。随着马克思主义唯物史观成为社会的主要思潮,人们开始用新的思想武器来看待两性平等、婚恋自由等问题,而作为"第四种剧本"之代表作的名剧《布谷鸟又叫了》,正是用唯物史观重新剖析婚姻问题的典范。由此,不同时期的两部剧作形成了历史性的对话,而这场对话无疑会给我们当代的性别议题带来弥足珍贵的历史化的认知眼光和分析方法。

This paper illustrates some democratic revolution issues,such as,the gender equality and freedom of marriage by representing the evolution in modern history of Chinese ideology with references to the changes in dramatic creation based on two plays A Big Deal in Life and The Cuckoo Calls Again and demonstrates the historical wrestling between liberalism and Marxism.A Big Deal in Life by Mr.HU Shi marked the beginning of Chinese modern drama whose form and thoughts not only stood for the general social issues during the period of New Culture Movement,but also reflected qualities of liberalism that were against the feudal rites and promoted advanced ideas.Meanwhile,it got confined for a lack of the necessary social analysis and thus it failed to inquire the root of social ills and offer no solutions.As Marxism became the main trends of thought,people began to view gender equality and freedom of marriage with new ideological scope and The Cuckoo Calls Again offered a model to review marriage as the“fourth play”.Therefore,these two plays form a historical dialogue which undoubtedly will provide a precious view and analytical method dealing with our contemporary gender issues.