四川盆地农户兼业特征及其对农户家庭收入的影响——基于龙泉、绵阳、合江三地的调查

The Characteristics of Part-time Farmer Households and Its Influence on Household Income in Sichuan Basin: Based on the Survey of Longquan,Mianyang and Hejiang

兼业在农户家庭生产经营中已形成常态化,是广大农户获取收入的重要来源。本文以四川省成都市龙泉驿区双林村、红光村,绵阳市游仙区崇林村、龙文村,泸州市合江县桥上村等地180户农户调查为基础,分析农户兼业特征及其对家庭收入的影响。结论如下:①在地域空间上,由于区域发展水平、地理条件不同,农户兼业类型呈现明显差异性:近成渝经济区的区域呈现以务工为主的"务工-农业"兼业组合,过渡区是以务工为主的"务工-农业-个体经营"兼业组合,远成渝经济区的区域则以纯务工为主。②地区经济发展水平与兼业农户收入水平无直接关系。③农户兼业类型与劳动力自身条件密切相关。④在近成渝经济区区域和过渡区,兼业农户多选择在本地务工,家庭收入来源多样化,而远成渝经济区区域的兼业农户务工地区具跳跃性,多选择到沿海经济发达的地区务工,家庭收入来源单一程度高,导致兼业农户家庭收入稳定性呈现出沿成渝经济区由内向外逐渐降低的趋势。

Concurrent business has become the norm in the production and operation of farmer households.It is an important source for the farmers to obtain income.Based on the survey of 180 farmer households in Shuanglin Village and Hongguang Village in Longquanyi District of Chengdu City,Chonglin Village and Longwen Village in Youxian District of Mianyang City,and Qiaoshang Village in Hejiang County of Luzhou City in Sichuan Province,this paper analyzes the characteristics of part-time farmer households and its influence on household income.The results of this study show the following traits:①In the core-periphery space,due to the different level of regional development and geographical conditions,the types of farmer households participating in the industry are obviously different:the area near the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone presents a combination of“work-agriculture”but work-oriented;the transitional area shows a combination of“employment-agriculture-self-employment”but work-oriented;the farmers in the area far away from the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone are purely workers.②There is no direct relationship between the level of regional economic development in the case area and the income level of farmer households.③The type of part-time farmer households is closely related to the conditions of the labor force itself.④In the area of Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone and the transitional zone,the farmer households choose to work locally and the household income sources are diversified.However,the part-time farmers who work away from the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone are more jumpy and choose to work in areas of developed coastal economies.The source of household income is single.As a result,the income stability of farmer households has gradually decreased from the inside to the outside along the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone.