基于弃渣综合利用的矿山泥石流灾害防治新模式——以冕宁盐井沟泸沽铁矿为例

A New Approach to Debris Flow Disaster Control Based on Comprehensive Utilization of Waste Slag——A Case Study of Lugu Iron Mine at the Yanjing Valley of Mianning County,Sichuan,China

冕宁县盐井沟受泸沽铁矿的开采所影响,流域内留存有大量矿山弃渣,在历史上曾造成严重的泥石流灾害。原有的防灾方式主要依靠沟道内修建的导流堤、拦砂坝等工程措施,但需要政府每年投入大量资金进行沟道清淤,无法根治灾害。新的防灾模式则通过综合利用泸沽铁矿的弃渣,在生产建筑砂石料的同时回收其中的铁矿粉,并利用弃土回填实现复垦和生态改良。上述措施不仅能有效减少盐井沟内松散物源的堆积,降低地质灾害风险,同时也能为企业创造利润、增加政府财政收入及促进地居民的就业,还间接地减少了河道砂石的开采、减轻了对河道生态环境的破坏,起到了减灾、增收、环保的多重效果。这种循环经济理念下的防灾新模式可试推广至其他受矿渣堆积地质灾害影响的地区。

Affected by the mining of Lugu Iron Mine in the basin,Yanjing valley in Mianning County,Sichuan Province,retained a large number of mine waste slags,it caused many serious debris flow disasters in history,resulting in a large number of people,property losses.In the past,in order to prevent debris flow disaster,the local government built diversion embankment,sand retaining dam and other engineering measures in the valley,these measures can play a certain role in disaster prevention,but it is still difficult to play a effect of radical cure in the face of a large number of loose mine waste slags sources,and so far,it is still necessary to clear the silt in the valley every year.In order to change this situation,under the guidance of circular economy theory,the local government has adopted a new method of disaster prevention to prevent and control debris flow disasters since 2012 by comprehensive utilization of mine waste slags.The specific way of this method is: guided by the government,introduce private capital to establish a sand and gravel integrated processing plant in the Yanjing basin,produce the construction sand and gravel aggregate by using waste slags generated during the mining process of Lugu Iron Mine,at the same time,recovery iron ore powder from waste slags,finally,backfill the waste soil in the production process in the waste slags accumulation field to realize land reclamation and ecological improvement.These measures not only reduce the accumulation of loose sources in Yanjing valley effectively,reduce the risk of local geological hazards,at the same time,it also can generate profits for company,increase the revenue of local government and promote employment for local residents.Using iron ore waste slags to produce sands and gravel materials can also reduce local mining of river sand and gravel indirectly,reduce the damage to the ecological environment of rives,which has played role in multiple effects of reducing disasters,increasing income,and protecting the environment.Such new disaster prevention model based on the concept of circular economy can be greatly extended to other areas affected by mineral waste slags accumulation and serious debris flow disasters.