定远县水稻高温热害气候分析及防御建议

Climate Analysis and Prevention Suggestion of Rice High Temperature Heat Injury in Dingyuan County

利用定远县国家基本气象站1957—2018年气象资料,对历年高温进行了气象变化分析,统计历年7月和8月日最高气温≥35℃和≥37℃的日数变化及7月和8月各旬≥35℃的极端最高气温出现的次数及各旬分布。按照水稻高温热害的等级,统计出每年轻、中、重度热害的发生次数、日数变化及出现的时间分布,分析其年代际变化及线性趋势变化情况。并从建立县级水稻高温热害监测预警系统、避免生育期出现持续高温天气、选择适宜的水稻品种、改善稻田小气候及加强病虫害防治等5个方面提出了高温热害防御的对策建议。

Based on the meteorological data of National basic Meteorological Station of Dingyuan County from 1957 to 2018, this paper analyzes the meteorological changes of the past years' high temperature.The number of days of maximum temperature≥ 35℃ and≥ 37℃ in July and August and the frequency and distribution of extreme maximum temperature in July and August were calculated.According to the grade of high temperature heat injury of rice, the occurrence times, the number of days and the time distribution of light, moderate and severe heat injury were calculated every year, and the decadal changes and linear trend changes were analyzed.In this paper, suggestions on preventing high temperature heat injury in rice were put forward from five aspects, such as setting up a high temperature monitoring and warning system for rice at county level, avoiding the occurrence of continuous high temperature weather during the growth period,selecting suitable rice varieties,improving the microclimate of rice field and strengthening the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.