水稻种子活力相关基因鉴定及分子调控机制

Advances in identification of genes related to seed vigor and molecular mechanism in regulation in rice

水稻是我国最重要的粮食作物。种子活力是多基因控制的数量性状,提高水稻种子活力对我国目前水稻轻简栽培模式推广,实现水稻高产、优质、高效生产具有重要意义。本文从水稻种子活力评价指标、种子活力关键基因鉴定和克隆、种子活力调控的分子机制等方面综述了近年来的主要研究进展。基于分子标记技术、全基因组关联分析、高通量测序技术和组学技术等已经克隆了23个种子活力关键基因,包括转录因子基因和脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA) 2种植物激素代谢相关的基因等,通过2种激素的代谢平衡控制种子胚的成熟、种子休眠、种子萌发和幼苗生长等过程,为利用分子设计育种技术改良水稻种子活力提供基础。

Rice is the most important food crop in China.Rice seed vigor is a complex quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes and it is of great significance to improve rice seed vigor for high yield,quality and efficiency of production under direct seedling rice.This paper reviewed the main research advances including evaluation index,gene identification and cloning,molecular regulation mechanism relate to rice seed vigor in recent years.Based on the molecular markers and map-based cloning,genome-wide association study(GWAS),high throughput sequencing,and omics techonology,more than twenty-three key genes related to seed vigor have been cloned,including transcription factor genes,metabolism-related genes of plant hormone ABA and GA.Through the balance of ABA and GA metabolism,it regulates maturing of embryos,seed dormancy and germination,seedling growth.It will be very helpful to improve genetics of rice seed vigor by molecular design breeding technology in the future.