正当防卫紧迫性判断标准的探讨——以“8·27昆山持刀砍人”案为例

Discussion on the Judgment Standard of Justifiable Defense——Take the case of “8·27 KunShan stabbing” as an example

正当防卫是公民在面临不法侵害无法及时求助公权力而对不法侵害人实施防卫的行为,我国刑法第二十条第一款规定正当防卫不负刑事责任。在司法实践中正当防卫认定须满足防卫紧迫性与限度必要性,即侵害正在发生且防卫结果不能超过必要限度。而司法实践中通常以"事后判断说"来界定防卫紧迫性,这种以结果反推行为性质的做法容易将正当防卫划定为防卫过当,特别是当侵害人重伤或死亡时,防卫人便很难逃脱刑事责任。"8·27昆山持刀砍人"案引起了社会各界广泛关注,其中涉及的法理与情理相互交融,为正当防卫紧迫性判断标准探索提供了新的路径,值得深入探讨。

Justifiable defense is a behavior in which citizens are unable to promptly seek help from the public in the face of unlawful infringement and defend against illegal infringement. Article 20, paragraph 1, of the Criminal Law of our country stipulates that legitimate defense shall not be criminally responsible. In judicial practice, legitimate defense must meet the urgency and limit of defense, that is, the violation is taking place and the defense result cannot exceed the necessary limit. In judicial practice, the urgency of defense is usually defined by “post-event judgment”. This kind of anti-practice as a result is easy to delineate legitimate defense as a defense, especially when the victim is seriously injured or killed. It is very difficult to escape criminal responsibility. The case of“8·27 Kunshan holding a knife and hacking people”has aroused widespread concern from all walks of life. The jurisprudence and rationality involved in it have provided a new approach for the exploration of the urgency of defensive urgency. It is worthy of further discussion.