植物提取物对薏苡黑粉病菌的抑制作用

Inhibition Effects of Plant Extracts against Job's-tears Smut

[目的]为研制和开发防治薏苡黑粉病新型植物源农药提供参考。[方法]通过离体试验,测试20种植物提取物对黑粉病的抑制作用,并对抑菌效果较好的植物提取物进行了抑菌活性的初步研究。[结果]花椒、蒲公英和射干提取物对黑粉病菌的抑制效果较高,在提取物浓度为0.50 mg/mL时,担孢子萌发率分别为46.13%、43.44%和40.42%,担孢子抑制率分别为69.62%、68.14%和72.42%;当提取物浓度为0.25 mg/mL时,其冬孢子萌发率分别为47.18%、41.43%和46.43%,担孢子抑制率分别为73.78%、64.75%和75.16%。花椒提取物浓度为0.125 mg/mL时,对黑粉病菌菌丝生长的抑制效果最好,菌落直径为8.3 mm,抑制率为67.06%。[结论]花椒、射干和蒲公英植物体内有强烈的抑菌活性成分,具有巨大的开发潜力。

[Objective]The aim of this study was to provide references for the development of a new plant-derived pesticide against Job’s-tears smut.[Method]The in vitro experiments were carried out to test the inhibition effect of 20 plant extracts against Job’s-tears smut.[Result]The extracts of Zanthoxylum bungeanum,Taraxacum mongolicum and Belamcanda chinensis had good inhibition effects on Job’s-tears smut. At the extracts concentration of 0.50 mg/mL,the germination rates were 46.13%,43.44% and 40.42%,and the inhibition rates were 69.62%,68.14% and 72.42%,respectively. At the extracts concentration of 0.25 mg/mL,the germination rates were 47.18%,41.43% and 46.43%,and the inhibition rates were 73.78%,64.75% and 75.16%,respectively. When the concentration of Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract was 0.125 mg/mL,the inhibition effect on the growth of Job’s-tears smut was the best,with the colony diameter of 8.3 mm and the inhibition rate of 67.06%.[Conclusion]Zanthoxylum bungeanum,Taraxacum mongolicum and Belamcanda chinensis had strong antibacterial active ingredients,which had great potential for development.