劳动力转移、资本积累与农户的双向分化

Labor Migration,Capital Accumulation and Bidirectional Differentiation of Farmer Households

当代中国农户分化的显著特征是双向性:一是农户参与工业化、城镇化进程,由纯农户变为不完全农户和非农户;二是适应农业现代化的要求,由传统农户转变为企业化农业组织。向农外分化意味着农户数量的减少,在农内的分化则表明农户在由小变大的同时也在由多变少。导致农户分化的原因虽然是多因素的,但劳动力转移基础上的物质资本积累和人力资本积累对农户双向分化的影响应受到特别的关注。结合劳动力转移基础上的人力资本积累,更容易观察清楚农户分化的方向和前景。

Bidirectional differentiation is the distinguishing feature of farmer household in contemporary of China.One is that farmers participate in the process of industrialization and urbanization,transforming from pure farmers to incomplete farmers and non-farmers;and the other is that farmers transform from traditional farmer household to enterprise agricultural organization in order to adapt to the requirement of agricultural modernization.Differentiation to non-agriculture means that the farmer households decreases.Differentiation within agriculture means that the farmer households are changing from small to large in scale and from Much to Little in the same time.Although there are many factors that lead to the differentiation of farmer households,the effects of material capital accumulation and human capital accumulation on the bidirectional differentiation of farmer households on the basis of labor transfer should be paid special attention.Combined with the accumulation of human capital on the basis of labor transfer,it is easier to observe the direction and prospect of the differentiation of farmers.