“三权分置”改革背景下我国农村土地流转现状及其影响因素研究

Research on the Current Situation of Rural Land Transfer and Its Influencing Factors under the Background of the Reform of “Three Rights Separation”

农地产权制度改革,特别是"三权分置"改革促进了我国农村土地流转。我国农村土地流转规模逐年增加,流转形式既有转包、租赁等传统形式,也有股份合作、土地信托等现代形式。农村土地流转多用于粮食作物种植,最主要的流转去向是个体农户,但所占比重逐年下降,流向专业合作社和农业企业等新型农业经营主体的比重正逐年增加。我国农村土地流转存在流转合同不规范、流转市场不健全、农户土地流转意识不强、土地流转监管不力等问题。我国农村土地流转的主要影响因素包括农村劳动力转移及劳动力年龄结构,土地产权制度,土地流转市场及农村社会保障制度,农户的土地供求意愿,以及农户资金实力和科技水平等。

The reform of the property rights institution of rural land, especially the reform of “Three Rights Separation”, has promoted rural land transfer in China. The scale of rural land transfer in China has increased year by year. The form of land transfer includes traditional forms such as subcontracting and leasing, as well as modern forms such as shareholding cooperation and land trust. Rural land tenancy is mostly used for the cultivation of food crops. The most important transfers are individual farmers, but the proportion is decreasing yearly. The proportion of new types of agricultural businesses such as professional cooperatives and agricultural enterprises are increasing year by year. The Chinese rural land transfer has many problems such as non standard tenancy contract, unsound rural land transfer market, farmer’ s weak awareness of land transfer, and weak supervision of rural land transfer. The main influencing factors of rural land transfer in China include the age structure of rural labor and labor transfer, land property rights institution, rural land transfer market and rural social security system, farmers’ willingness to supply and demand, the financial strength of farmers and technology level.