代际项目的西方脉络与中国图景:名实之辩与实践检视

Western Lineage and Chinese View of the Inter-generational Program:Real Debate and Practice Review

代际项目作为一种为老年人与年轻人提供互动和参与解决社会问题机会的社会工具,在西方社会促进儿童与青少年发展、提升老年人健康和增进社区团结方面发挥了重要作用,对中国具有较强的借鉴意义。以事实和文献为基础,系统梳理西方代际项目的发展进程,探讨中国代际项目的"名实问题",并结合百度和谷歌搜索资料分析,对中国代际项目的发展情况进行了全景描述。研究发现,中国代际项目起步较晚,且由于文化语境上的差异,在表述上存在一定差异;在发展过程中日渐形成了政府购买、民间参与、社工介入、内容多样、区域发展不平衡等特点。借鉴国外经验,迫切需要对中国代际项目的立论基础、可持续性、发展潜力、研究与政策取向等问题进行反思。

As a social tool for providing opportunities for the aged and the youngto interact and participate in solving social problems, Inter generational programs have played an important role in promoting the development of children and adolescents, the health of the aged and enhancing community solidarity in Western societies, which also have strong reference for China. Based on facts and literature, this paper systematically explained the development process of western inter generational programs, discussed the name and nature problems of inter generational programs in China, and provided a panoramic description by analyzing the data of Baidu and Google search. We found that the inter generational programs start late in China, and we using different words to express because of the differences in cultural context, such as “inter generational inclusion”,“the young and the old inclusion”,“the young and the old cooperation”, and ”the young and the old fun together“. Moreover, in the development process, there increasingly formed some characteristics such as various contents, social forces widely involved, being closed with social work, relying on government procurement services, imbalance regional development. Learning from foreign experience, there is an urgent need to reflect the basis of argument, sustainability, development potential, and research and policy orientation of the inter generational programs in China.