羌族午牛崇拜的族群身份表述

Ethnic Identity on the Worship of Wuniu in Qiang Nationality

午牛崇拜是羌族原始信仰的一种表现形式,这一习俗由来已久。在原生性族群身份的表达方面,羌族通过门楣挂牛头这一特定的文化遗留物和"牛王会"这种节庆仪式,构建其身份边界来确保族群文化认同的差异性之合理性。结合文献资料与田野考察,梳理羌族在神话传说、人生礼仪、民间歌谣等方面展现的午牛崇拜习俗,从宗教人类学视野对这一习俗展现的族群身份问题进行多维度诠释,并对其终极身份进行追问,既是重新认识羌族民间信仰的有效视角,又是对羌族原始宗教信仰体系研究的有效补充。

The worship of Wuniu is a manifestation of the Qiang primitive belief, a custom that has existed for a long time. In terms of the expression of the identity of the original ethnic group, the Qiang nationality constructs its identity boundary to ensure the reasonableness of the difference of the ethnic cultural identity by hanging the cow head, a special cultural relic, and the festival ceremony of “Cow King’s Association”. Combined with literature and field investigation, this paper combs the custom of worship of cattle in mythology, life etiquette, folk ballad and other aspects of Qiang nationality, and interprets the ethnic identity of this custom from the perspective of religious anthropology. It is not only an effective angle of view to understand the folk beliefs of Qiang nationality, but also an effective supplement to the study of the original religious belief system of Qiang nationality.