企业如何从集聚经济中获益?——企业家的作用

Economics of Agglomeration and Enterprise Performances:Do CEO Characteristics Matter?

本文从一个较新的企业家个体视角切入,理论和实证考察了企业家特征对集聚经济与企业绩效关系的影响问题。基于高阶理论和新经济地理学的理论框架揭示,作为企业的领导者、战略决策者,企业家能够通过其行为和所制定的战略政策,对企业获取、处理和整合外部知识与资源的能力产生影响,进而影响企业从集聚经济尤其是知识溢出中的受益程度。在此基础上,我们选取了与企业家认知偏好和信息处理能力密切相关的四个特征变量(年龄、受教育程度、任职年限和性别)来构建理论假说,分析企业家特征如何有助于企业从集聚经济中受益。引入以软件信息技术服务业为代表的知识密集型服务上市企业数据的进一步实证研究表明,企业家特征的确对集聚经济与企业绩效关系具有调节效应:年轻企业家和女性企业家更有助于企业从专业化外部性中受益,而年长企业家、男性企业家和任职时间较长的企业家,则更有助于企业从多样化外部性中受益。

This paper theoretically and empirically examines the impacts of CEO characteristics on the relationship between economics of agglomeration and enterprise performances from a new perspective of CEO. Based on the upper echelon theory and the new economic geography theory, this framework shows that CEO can influence the enterprises ability to access, process and integrate external knowledge spillovers, which in turn affect enterprises benefits from knowledge spillovers. We choose four CEO characteristics (age, education, tenure and gender) and test this hypothesis. The empirical results show that CEO characteristics have a moderating effect on the relationship between economics of agglomeration and enterprise performances. Young and women CEOs help enterprises to benefit from specialized economies;older and men CEOs help enterprises to benefit from diverse economies.