重载轮胎面内欧拉梁模型及耦合振动特性研究

In-plane Euler beam tire model and coupling vibration analysis of heavy loaded radial tire

针对重载子午轮胎扁平比接近1的结构特点,考虑柔性胎体与胎侧的耦合特性,建立面内刚柔耦合轮胎模型,并开展模态试验和振动响应分析。考虑胎体的弯曲效应,将胎侧等效为具有集中质量的分段弹簧,建立柔性胎体与胎侧的耦合的重载轮胎面内解析模型;开展重载轮胎面内胎体与胎侧耦合的试验模态测试与分析方法研究,获取重载轮胎面内柔性胎体与胎侧耦合的各阶固有频率,并利用重载轮胎试验和解析模态参数,采用遗传算法对轮胎的结构参数进行辨识;利用有限差分法,推导基于轮胎几何、结构参数的三参数的解析等效刚度参数,建立有限自由度的重载轮胎面内刚柔耦合模型,并开展重载轮胎面内耦合模态和振动特性研究和试验验证。理论分析与试验结果表明:(1)基于胎体与胎侧耦合的模态分析方法可表征重载轮胎300Hz内的振动;(2)基于欧拉梁和有限差分法的重载轮胎刚柔耦合模型可准确表征柔性胎体和胎侧的耦合振动特征;(3)重载轮胎刚柔耦合模型能在离散自由度为80的条件下实现较高的模态预测精度,预测误差保持在5%以内;(4)Newmark-β数值算法和刚柔耦合轮胎模型能够实现轮胎面内时域振动响应的准确模拟。

A theoretical rigid-elastic coupling tire model is proposed to study the heavy-loaded radial tire with a large flat ratio,in which the tread is modeled as an Euler beam,and the sidewall is modeled as the piecewise spring with lumped mass.The analytical and experimental modal resonant frequency is given and utilized for structural parameters identification.By means of finite difference method,the rigid-elastic coupling tire model is derived and the three-parameter stiffness matrix is given which are based on the geometrical and structural parameters.The modal feature and vibration response are discussed with the rigid-elastic coupling tire model.The experimental and theoretical results show that:(1) The modal analysis for the coupling of the flexible tread and the sidewall can accurately characterize the vibration feature of the heavy loaded tire within the frequency band of 300Hz;(2) By means of Euler beam and finite difference method,the rigid-elastic coupling model is qualified to simulate the coupling vibration between the flexible tread and the sidewall;(3) The in-plane rigid-elastic coupling tire model achieve the higher precision on predicting the modal frequency with the discrete freedom of 80 and the error is limited within 3%;(4) The Newmark-β method is qualified to solve the in-plane vibration of the rigid-elastic coupling tire model in time domain.