论鲍照山水田园诗的艺术新变

On the Artistic Change in the Landscape and Pastoral Poetry of Bao Zhao

鲍照的山水诗一方面受到汉魏晋古诗的影响,感物兴思,以情使文,另一方面又有所创新。他讲求炼字炼句,对偶精工,长于刻画景物形态,风格多样,预示了齐梁山水诗的发展路径,其中多写哀伤之情,孤寒之感,反映出寒士的复杂心态。他是较早学习陶渊明的诗人,仕与隐的矛盾在他的行役山水诗和田园诗中表现得尤其突出。鲍照的创作实践对后世的山水田园诗派有重要的影响。

On one hand, the landscape poems of Bao Zhao, influenced by the ancient poems in Han, Wei, and Jin Dynasties, are inspired by sense of feelings and thoughts. On the other hand, they are also innovative. He was particularly good at polishing words, sentences and neat antithesis, and at describing landscape patterns. His poetic style ranges wide, indicating the development path of the landscape poetry in Qi and Liang periods. Most of his poems describe sorrow and loneliness, reflecting the complicated emotions of an impoverished scholar. He was also a poet who first learnt from Tao Yuanming, and the conflicts between an official life and a hermit one in his servitude and pastoral poems is particularly prominent. Bao Zhao’s writing practice had an important influence on the landscape and pastoral poetry of later generations.