儒、释交流中“中庸”思想的发展

The Development of the Doctrine of the Golden Mean in Communication between Confucianism and Buddhism

"中""中庸"是儒家思想的基本观念之一。《礼记》里的《中庸》篇集中阐述了先秦儒家的中庸思想,其内容基本属于修道论和方法论范畴。佛教输入中国,特别是传播大乘中观学派典籍,输入大乘中观教理,与中国传统的儒家中庸思想相交流、相融合。其代表人物,士大夫有柳宗元、刘禹锡、李翱等人"统合儒、释",佛家有智圆、契嵩等人"援儒入释"。双方都特别注重中庸思想并着力加以发挥,重点在赋予世界观和本体论内涵,形成具有重大理论价值和实践意义的"中道"思想,给理学的创建提供了理论资源,给社会统治体制提供了意识形态依据。

“Mean” and “the Golden Mean” are basic concepts of Confucianism.The Golden Mean in The Book of Rites concentrates on the thought of the Golden Mean of Confucianism in the pre-Qin period.Its content basically belongs to the category of the practice of Taoism and methodology.Buddhism,especially the Madhyamika theories brought by the classics of the Mahayana Madhyamika,entered China and communicated and integrated with the traditional Chinese Confucian doctrine of the “golden mean”.Its representatives include Liu Zongyuan,Liu Yuxi and Li Ao,who “integrated Confucianism and Buddhism”,and Buddhists like Zhiyuan and Qisong,who “assisted Confucianism into Buddhism”.They all paid special attention to the doctrine of the “golden mean” and exerted their efforts to give full play to it.Their emphasis is to endow the world outlook and ontology with connotations,to form the doctrine of “the middle way” with great theoretical value and practical significance,to provide theoretical resources for the creation of Neo-Confucianism,and to provide ideological basis for the social ruling system.