《邶风·旄丘》之“葛”“叔兮伯兮”及其题旨辨

Theme Discrimination of Bei Feng·Mao Qiu:Centered on“Kudzu”and“Shuxi Boxi”

《旄丘》诗旨历来众说纷纭。《诗经》中出现"葛"的10篇诗。不计《旄丘》,与女性劳作或婚恋有关的占比78%,无一篇与战争、救助等主题有关。"叔"不在周代五等爵之列,"伯"与"叔"并列连用时《诗经》中不见"伯"表爵位之例,且以"伯"表爵位或某种特定称谓之诗,"伯"字后无一例使用语气词"兮",因而《旄丘》中之"叔兮伯兮"不可能指侯爵或王公大臣。《诗经》中伯、叔带上表示强烈抒情的语气词"兮"的诗共4篇,其中,《卫风·伯兮》《郑风·萚兮》《郑风·丰》都是典型的婚恋诗,《旄丘》不可能例外。"责卫伯"说、"责晋"说等,均为捕风捉影及对相关史实的穿凿附会。

There’s always a wide spectrum of opinions on the main purpose of the poem Mao Qiu.“Kudzu” appears in 10 poems in the Book of Songs,excluding Mao Qiu,in which women’s labor or marriage accounts for 78%,and none is about war,rescue and other topics.“Shu” is not in the five ranks of nobility in the Zhou Dynasty.When “Bo” and “Shu” are used together in the Book of Songs,there’s not any case that “Bo” is used as ranks of nobility,or in any poem that “Bo” refers to duke or a certain title.There is no such case that the suffix “Xi” is used after the word “Bo”.So the “Shuxi Boxi” in Mao Qiu can’t refer to Marquis or dukes and high ministers.In the Book of Songs,there are 4 poems in which “Bo” and “Shu” are followed by the discourse marker “Xi” that expresses strong lyricism.Among them,Wei Feng·Boxi,Zheng Feng·Tuoxi and Zheng Feng·Feng are typical love and marriage poems,so Mao Qiu can’t be an exception.The points of view like “Ze Weibo”,“Ze Jin” and so on are all running after shadow and drawing farfetched analogies on the relevant historical facts.