传统中国农民的观念取向:双重性及统一

Traditional Chinese Peasants' Conceptual Orientation: Duality and Unity

在影响传统中国农民观念取向的因素中,小农经济、血缘关系和地缘社区等作为最基础性的影响因素,无论是自身发展还是社会影响都表现出双重性特征,这使得深受其影响的传统中国农民的观念也表现出双重性特征,如保守性和革命性、家族主义与自我主义、整体主义与个体主义等,并由此形成了常态与非常态、共同体与个体性、普遍性与例外性的统一。这种双重性特征又导致了传统中国农民观念取向的双重圈层化格局,各层之间分别以对应、转化和结合等方式表现出来。对这一问题的关注,既有利于对已有研究理论的进一步探讨,也有助于深化认识传统中国的农民及其观念取向。

In the basis of influencing the traditional Chinese peasants’ conceptual orientation,the small-scale peasant economy,blood relationship and geo-community not only have their own dual characteristics,but also a dual impact on the peasants’ conceptual orientation,such as conservative vs revolutionary,familialism vs egoism,holism vs individualism respectively. At the same time,the relationship between them also shows the characteristics of unity,such as normality vs abnormality,community vs individuality,universality vs exceptionality. The result of the combination of contradiction and unity is the dual stratification pattern of the traditional Chinese peasants’ conceptual orientation,which is shown in the ways of correspondence,transformation and combination among different levels. This is not only a further discussion of the existing research theories,but also a deep understanding of the traditional Chinese peasants and their concepts.