合作、游戏、观看与反视--关于露天流动电影放映的观察式拍摄及反思

Cooperation,Games,Viewing and Counter-viewing:Observational Filmmaking and Introspection about the Outdoor Film Screening

一位人类学研究者,深入藏区,追随当地数名流动电影放映员,观察和研究他们前往不同地点为当地村民露天放映电影的过程。针对拍摄过程中的种种实际困难,纪录拍摄亦不得不做出相应的策略调整。基于此次纪录拍摄的经验对人类学的参与式观察进行反思,分析多重的观看与被观看的关系,以印证纪录拍摄可能在人类学调查中成为一种探索发现的刺激物,可以将潜藏于事物表象之下的某些本质揭示出来,使观察式电影不仅有可能阐释他者,同时亦反观自身。

The author of this paper,an anthropologist,followed several film projectionists in Tibetan areas,observed and recorded with a camera the process of their outdoor film screening in different villages.The paper discusses how,when confronted with various difficulties in the field,the author adjusted strategies to accommodate to new changes.Based on the experience of this documentary shooting,the paper rethinks the participatory observation of anthropology,analyzes the relationship between multiple viewing and being viewed.It argues that filmmaking can be a powerful stimulant,helping discover the hidden meanings behind the outdoor film screening and enabling the filmmaker to interpret otherness meanwhile reflecting upon the filmmaking process itself.