论韩非子《解老》对“上德不德”章的理解

Understanding the Chapter “Essence of Virtue” in Han Feizi's Interpreting Lao-tse

韩非子《解老》的"上德不德"章,其解文逻辑严谨,说理透辟,有许多发人深省的地方,如"不得为德",如"非求所报之于无以为",如"君子守礼不懈之于攘臂而扔之"等。最为值得称道的是,韩非"前无古人后无来者"地解决了道德仁义礼之间的逻辑关系问题,令人信服地勾勒了一幅"道德仁义礼"序次整齐、前主后从、有机统一的道家德性规范系统,为人们今天正确把握《老子》本章经文,廓清理解中的诸多迷雾,有着重要的启示价值。

The Chapter"Essence of Morality"in Han Feizi's Interpreting Lao-tse is characterized by rigorous logic and thorough reasoning,especially many thought-provoking statements,such as"virtue refers to not showing one's virtue deliberately","being inactive without anything undone refers to asking nothing in return",and"baring arms for forcible obedience refers to gentlemen observing rites relentlessly".What is most commendable is that Han Feizi solved the problem of the logical relationship among the terms of"Tao,virtue,benevolence,righteousness and rite",and outlined a convincing organic and consistent Taoist normative system in the right order of the principal and the subordinate.The above interpretation has important inspirational value for people to correctly understand the verses of Lao-tse in this chapter and to clarify many puzzles in the process.