面向传统生态知识:当代民族语言调查的价值取向

Facing the Traditional Ecological Knowledge:the Value Orientation of Contemporary Ethnic Language Investigation

传统生态知识是各民族和族群长期同自然环境互动过程中形成和积累的有关生态环境的认知和经验,它具有重要的生态价值、医药价值和经济价值。中国少数民族有丰富的传统生态知识,通过口头言语传播和传承。围绕传统生态知识进行民族语言调查既可获得鲜活语料,又能挖掘和建构语言蕴含的族群的实践经验智慧。传统生态知识的语言承载和表达有生态词、俗语、口传语篇等。民族语言田野调查应摆脱惯常的词句条目对译式询问工作模式,改变重语言形式、轻内容知识的通病,通过实地参加族群生产生活,深度接触族群能人、技艺人和非遗传承人,开展广泛的学习访问、话题交流、实际体验,围绕民族传统生态知识来调查记录语言。这是提升民族语言调查理论层次和应用水平的需要,也应成为新时代民族语言调查研究者新的学术价值取向。

With important ecological,medical and economic value,the traditional ecological knowledge is the cognition and experience of the ecological environment formed and accumulated by various ethnic groups and communities in the long-term process of interaction with natural environment.Ethnic minorities in China boast rich traditional ecological knowledge which have been disseminated and passed on through oral language.Therefore,the ethnic language investigation centered around traditional ecological knowledge can help obtain vivid corpus,as well as discover and construct practical experience and wisdom of ethnic communities contained in their languages.The forms of language in which traditional ecological knowledge is carried and expressed include ecological words,proverbs,oral texts and so on.In the field investigation of ethnic languages,researchers should get rid of the conventional inquiry work mode of word-sentence translation,avoid emphasizing language forms rather than contents,participate in the production and life of ethnic communities in person,have a depth contact with talents,craftsmen and inheritors of intangible cultural heritage in ethnic communities,investigate and record languages of the ethnic traditional ecological knowledge by extensive visits,interview exchanges and practical experience,etc.This practice meets the need to raise the level of theory and application in the ethnic language investigation,and should be the new orientation of academic value for researchers of the ethnic language in the new era.