依法行政考评社会评议:公众参与和“专家”理性

Social Appraisal in the Law-based Administrative Evaluation:Public Participation and Expert Rationality

依法行政考评中的社会评议体现价值理性与工具理性的统一。在社会评议中,公众参与及公众满意度测量是不可或缺的组成部分,但其民主性、科学性、合理性有赖于社会透明开放、公众理性表达,以及调查技术成熟可行,这是一种理想状态。现实环境中,"专家"评议更能体现专业与理性,能弥补公众参与的局限,两者形成互补互证的关系。实现"到2020年基本建成法治政府"的目标,基于"以评促建"的原理与经验,公众满意度是公众参与建设法治政府的重要体现及终极标准,"专家"评议提升了评价的科学性与合理性。为此,应完善社会评议体系与机制,科学界定两者的功能与边界,引入第三方评价,扩大公众参与的广度与深度,尊重专家的专业性与独立性。

The social appraisal in the law-based administrative evaluation of China reflects the unity of value rationality and instrumental rationality. In social appraisal, while public participation and public satisfaction measurement are indispensable components, a democratic, scientific and rational appraisal depends on social transparency, social openness, rational public expression, as well as mature and feasible survey technology, which is an ideal state. In reality,"expert" appraisal, which can better embody the professionalism and rationality, compensates for the limitations of public participation. The two form a complementary and mutually-confirmed relationship. The goal of "constructing the government of law by 2020" must be achieved on the basis of the principle and experience of "building through evaluation". In this process, public satisfaction is an important embodiment and ultimate standard of public participation in constructing a government of law, and "expert" appraisal can guarantee the evaluation to be more scientific and rational. To this end, it is necessary to improve the social evaluation system and mechanism, scientifically define the functions and boundaries of public participation and expert appraisal, introduce the third-party evaluation, expand the width and depth of public participation, and respect the professionalism and independence of experts.