民事执行中破产程序启动难困境与突破

Difficulty in the Initiation of Bankruptcy Proceedings in Civil Execution and Its Solution

《中华人民共和国企业破产法》规定的破产程序在实践中遭遇大量无财产可供执行的企业不能通过破产程序退出市场的启动难困境。原因在于破产与执行衔接不畅:破产申请人缺乏启动激励,执行参与分配程序具有准破产功能和依职权宣告破产的立法缺位。建议从立法上修正中国当前破产启动申请主义的模式,禁止企业法人适用参与分配程序并从制度层面构建执行不能转破产程序机制,从而解决破产程序启动难的问题。

The difficulty in the initiation of bankruptcy proceedings stipulated in Law of the People's Republic of China on Enterprise Bankruptcy lies in that a lot of enterprises have no property available for execution. This is due to the poor convergence between insolvency and enforcement, i.e. the insolvency applicant lacks an incentive of initiation, the enforcement of participation in the distribution procedure has a quasi-insolvency function and the legislation of declaring insolvency exofficio is absent. This paper suggests that the current application mode of bankruptcy initiation in China should be amended through legislation, and enterprise legal entity should be forbidden to participate in the distribution procedure and the mechanism of insolvency proceedings should be established and implemented at the institutional level, therefore, the difficulty in the initiation of bankruptcy procedure can be solved.