民族调查在考古学中的应用--以少数民族手工造纸为例

The Application of Ethnic Investigation in Archaeology——A Case Study of Manual Paper-making of Ethnic Minorities

以少数民族手工造纸为例,介绍了民族学的材料是怎么切入考古学研究的。在对十多个少数民族调查材料基础上,通过技术和工艺步骤分析,阐述了浇纸法和抄纸法两种造纸法的区别,以及所造出来纸的不同特征。认为通过民族调查方法解决了考古学和历史学上很重要的课题,这种方法强调民族志材料的选择,指出要解决的历史学或考古学问题,必须积极寻找适合的民族学材料,特别是工艺调查对复原古代技术有重要意义,同时也强调民族调查的视野一定要广阔,要关注整个民族志材料的相关情况,以进行对比研究,调查材料的后期处理也非常重要,之后还要做很多分析研究工作。

Taking the manual paper-making of ethnic minorities as an example, this paper introduces how the materials of ethnology enter into archaeological studies. Based on the investigation of more than 10 ethnic minorities and the analysis of technology and process steps, the paper expounds the difference between two methods of paper-making, namely fixed-mould paper-making and movable-mould paper-making, and the different characteristics of the productions. The paper holds that important archaeological and historical problems can be solved by means of ethnic investigation, which emphasizes the choice of ethnographic materials. The paper points out that to solve the problems in the field of history or archaeological studies, we need to actively seek suitable ethnological materials, especially process investigation which is of great significance for the restoration of ancient technology. At the same time, it also emphasizes that we should have a broad vision of ethnic investigation, and pay close attention to the relevant information of the whole ethnographic materials, so as to make comparative studies. The post processing of investigation materials is also very important, after which a lot of analysis and research work need to be done.