应用稳定同位素分析辽东湾池塘仿刺参的食性

Using Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotopes to Evaluate Feeding Habits of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in Aquaculture Ponds in Liaodong Bay

为分析辽东湾海水生态养殖池塘仿刺参的食性特征,分别于2016年3月、5月、7月、9月、12月采集池塘中的浮游植物、浮游动物、颗粒有机物、底栖硅藻、表层底泥和仿刺参,并检测所有样品的δ^(13)C和δ^(15)N值。运用IsoSource线性混合模型计算出浮游植物、浮游动物、颗粒有机物、底栖硅藻、表层底泥对仿刺参的饵料贡献率。试验结果显示,底栖硅藻对仿刺参的平均饵料贡献率周年变化为78.5%～85.7%,颗粒有机物、浮游植物、浮游动物和表层底泥对仿刺参的贡献率分别为2.1%～5.1%、2.2%～5.6%、2.3%～7.7%、3.6%～7.9%。底栖硅藻对消化管内含物δ^(13)C值的贡献率为25.8%～74.5%、颗粒有机物、浮游植物、浮游动物和表层底泥对消化管内含物δ^(13)C值的贡献率分别为3.9%～15.3%、4.0%～18.3%、4.2%～19.4%、5.6%～22.2%。试验结果表明,在不投饵、缺乏底栖大型藻类的生态养殖池塘中,底栖硅藻是仿刺参主要的食物来源,仿刺参也摄食表层底泥、沉降后颗粒有机物和浮游动植物。研究结果可为海水池塘仿刺参的生态健康养殖提供基础数据。

In order to analyze feeding habits of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in sea water aquaculture in Liaodong Bay,the δ 13 C and δ 15 N values of muscle,body wall,intestine and intestinal content of sea cucumber,phytoplankton,zooplankton,POM,benthic diatom,and surface sediment in sea water aquaculture pond were detected using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes methods. The contribution proportions of different foods to sea cucumber were calculated using the IsoSource linear mixture model. The contribution proportions of benthic diatom to sea cucumber were ranged from 78.5% to 87.5% in a year,POM from 2.1% to 5.1%,phytoplankton from 2.2% to 5.6%,zooplankton from 2.3% to 7.7%,and surface sediment from 3.6% to 7.9%. The contribution proportions of benthic diatom to the δ^13 C value of intestinal content in sea cucumber were varied from 25.8% to 74.5% in a year,POM from 3.9% to 15.3%,phytoplankton from 4.0% to 18.3%,zooplankton 4.2% to 19.4%,and surface sediment from 5.6% to 22.2%.The findings suggested that the benthic diatoms be mainly food source to sea cucumber in ecological aquaculture pond without benthic macroalgae in Liaodong Bay and that supply the basic data for ecological healthy aquaculture of sea cucumber in sea water ponds.