从《告台湾同胞书》到两岸统一之思考

From “Message to Compatriots in Taiwan” to Consideration about the Reunification of China

中国的"再统一"是当代中国知识分子报国的义务,而和平统一则是中国知识分子报国的责任,如何才能和平统一?本文从1979年全国人大常委会《告台湾同胞书》倡议的和平统一方案为起点,讨论和平统一方案的两种和平模式:目的模式和过程模式。在目的和平模式方面,邓小平提出了"一国两制"的天才构想,保证了统一后的和平;在和平的过程模式方面,则提出"谈判模式"包括中央政府与台湾当局、国共两党及两岸谈判三种模式均未能实现;习近平总书记在十八大后,又推动了两岸政治互动(两岸事务负责人会谈及两岸领导人会面),然而在台湾政治生态骤变的情势下,政治互动亦告中断。故而作者认为和平统一的模式,在对象上应从"寄希望于台湾人民"入手,故而应从台湾的社会焦虑感入手,提出积极的"一国两制"台湾方案,引导台湾人民重新认识、重新思考、理性面对,终而积极参与。习总书记"1·2重要讲话"在目的和平模式方面,强调了台湾的参与;和平的过程模式方面,又提出"融合发展"和"心灵契合"两个方案,以便"寻求社会共识,推进政治谈判"。可以说形成了新时代系统性的和平统一的整体论述,十分值得重视。

China's"Reunification"is the obligation while"Peaceful Reunification"is the responsibility of contemporary Chinese intellectuals to serve the country.But how can we"unify peacefully"?This article starts from the"Peaceful Reunification"policy initiated by the"Message to Compatriots in Taiwan"of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress in 1979,and discusses two peaceful models of the"Peaceful Reunification"program:the peaceful purpose model and the peaceful process model;in the peaceful purpose model,Deng Xiaoping proposed the genius concept of"one country,two systems"policy which guarantees the peace after"Reunification";in the peaceful process model,it proposes three"negotiation models"(the central government and the Taiwan authority,the two parties of The Kuomintang(KMT)and Communist Party of China(CPC),the model of cross-Straits negotiations)have not been realized.During the 18th National Congress,General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping promoted cross-Straits political interaction(meetings not only between Taiwan and China's officials who responsible for cross-Straits affairs but also two top leaders),but have been broken off due to Taiwan's political cataclysm.Therefore,the author believes that the model of"Peaceful Reunification"should start from"placing hopes on the people in Taiwan"that we should begin with understanding the anxiety of Taiwan society then propose a positive"one country,two systems"policy to guide the people of Taiwan to reconsider,rethink,and face the reality rationally until participate actively.General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping's"Important Speech on 2nd January"emphasized Taiwan's participation in the"Peaceful Purpose Model";in the peaceful process model,he also proposed two programs of"integrated development"and"spiritual consonance"in order to"seek social consensus,and advance political negotiations."It can be said that the overall discourse of the systematic and peaceful reunification of the new era has been formed,which is worthy of our attention.