地方国企依赖、劳动力流动与城乡收入差距

Reliance on SOEs,Labor Mobility and Urban-rural Income Gap

实现发展成果共享和社会公平是经济发展和改革的重要目标。基于特征事实的描述发现,国企依赖与劳动力流动呈反向变动关系,而劳动力流动与城乡收入差距同样呈反向变动关系。理论研究发现:(1)三部门的生产模型表明,由于国有企业过于倚重发展资本密集型产业,地方对国企依赖会大大降低对劳动力的吸纳,不利于劳动力流动,从而对城乡收入分配产生客观不利影响;(2)劳动力流动模型表明,劳动力流动越充分,越有利于缩小城乡收入差距。因此地方对国企的过度依赖,会通过以农民工为代表的不利于劳动力流动而对城乡收入的分配产生客观不利影响。这启示我们,既要发展壮大国有企业,也要毫不动摇发展民营企业,要同时兼顾国有企业的发展效应和民营企业的就业效应。

Sharing and social justice is an important target of economic development and reform.Based on the description of characteristic facts,it is found that the dependence of state-owned enterprises is negatively correlated with labor flow,while labor flow is negatively correlated with urban-rural income gap.Theoretical studies have found that:(1)The production model of the three sectors shows that due to the development of state-owned enterprises rely too heavily on capital-intensive industries,where dependence on state-owned enterprises will greatly reduce the absorption of labor,to the detriment of rural labor to urban mobility and metastasis.(2)The labor flow model shows that the more sufficient labor flow is,the more favorable it is to narrow the urban-rural income gap.Therefore,local over-reliance on state-owned enterprises will have an objective adverse impact on the distribution of urban and rural income through unfavorable labor mobility.It is suggest that we should develop and expand that state-owned enterprises,without shake the development of the private enterprise,at the same time,the development effect of the state-owned enterprises and the employment effect of the private enterprises.