《明夷待访录》国家治理观探讨

Preliminary Thinking about the Idea of State Governance in Waiting for Dawn

《明夷待访录》分析了三代以下之所以有乱无治的根源在于一人之天下而非天下人之天下,也就是君主把天下当作了私产,因此,要回到三代之良治秩序必须先回到公天下之善治。但是"天下人之天下"自有阶级社会以来就是一种"想象的共同体",历史是沿着有利于利益集团统治的轨迹发展的,即使是分封诸侯和行政一统这么大的形式差别也了无实质性区别。只是到了近代,贸易为自己开辟了新航线,政治发展轨迹出现了分化和岔路,才带来国家治理新的变数。

Why the Chinese society had been so chaotic since Three Dynasties— Xia Dynasty,Shang Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty?The book Waiting for Dawn answers this question.The fundamental explanation is that the society has been no longer one community which was shared by all people.Concentration of private properties in the hands of the monarch led to the chaos.Only good governance could make the society a commonwealth and restore its order.Unfortunately,social order is conducive to the rule of interest groups with the emergence of classes,and the commonwealth is just an"imaginary community".But since trade open up new prospects for itself in modern times,there is reason to believe that idea of state governance has variety in politic system.