中国刑事被害人运动是否正在兴起?——以刑事和解为中心的考察

Right Protection of Criminal Victims in China: Based on the Criminal Reconciliation Centered Investigation

刑事和解程序中的一个重要程序主体为刑事被害人,其作为一种权利保障运动在"二战"后兴起。在中国,从法律文本的角度看,其系列权利从1979年起逐渐得到保障,特别是在2012年《刑事诉讼法》中的刑事和解程序对此作出的规范。但是揆诸既有司法实践,中国刑事被害人的权利保障状况堪忧,表现在救济渠道单一,即使在现有的救济渠道中,执行情况也运行不良(如国家对被害人的援助制度)。究其原委,在于国家、政法委、司法机关在刑事和解程序贯彻的不符合司法规律的刑事政策,但是改变这一现状仍然前途漫漫。

Right protection of the criminal victim who is an important procedural subject in the criminal reconciliation process appeared as a kind of right protection movement after the Second World War.The criminal victim's rights have been gradually guaranteed in the legal texts since 1979,especially in the criminal reconciliation process of Criminal Procedure Law(2012).However,the practice is far from satisfactory with lacking relief channel and poor implementation,such as the state aid system for victims.There is still a long way to improve the criminal policies out of tune with judicial rule carried out by some judiciary authorities in the criminal reconciliation process.