从契约文书看黔东南苗疆开辟后里古州地区土地交易特点

Characteristics of Land Transaction in Inner Guzhou of Qiandongnan after Opening Miao Territory Period Reflected by Documents

以一批尚未被人引用的清代里古州地区民间契约文书为中心,就少数民族的土地交易状况进行分析,雍正开辟苗疆之后,地方官府的态度、儒学教育普及等因素,使得距离衙署越近的村寨契约文书普及率越高,大量白契在当地流行,显示当地少数民族在与汉人移民接触的过程中,引进汉人移民的地权观念、租佃习俗。不过当地少数民族在进行土地交易中仍然保留了传统习俗,即寨头、寨老、甲长、族长之类等地方领袖在土地交易中持续性扮演着重要角色;遵循着当地"刻木为凭""栽岩定界"等惯例;以"手""把"等表示产量的词汇而非丈量面积来标注地块。

This paper analyses the folk title documents on inner Guzhou area in Qiandongnan of Qing Dynasty which haven’t been cited and concludes four characteristics of land transaction. The factors of governmental attitude and Confucian education contribute to the popularization of contracts document. The local leaders such as Zhai Tou,Zhai Lao,Jia Zhang,Zu Zhang play an important role in the land transaction. The traditional custom (Ke Mu Wei Qi) and (Zai Yan Ding Jie) effect the land transaction. People would like use the words (Shou\Ba) which have the meaning of grain yield instead of proportion to measure the land.