主体的突围——论移情行为中两种现象的区分

Breakthrough of the subject:Distinction between two phenomena in empathy

通过分析移情问题中移情于人与移情于物的区别,以及对移情于物这一行为本身进行现象学的分析,完善了对移情问题的研究。对移情问题的分析表明,无论是作为一种情感行为的移情,还是作为一种隐喻的移情,都体现了某种重要的对立:既体现着一种绝对主体性的视角,又体现了受到某种客观性的吸引而逃离自我的一种倾向,两者之间形成一种对立。在这种对立中,又蕴含着某种和解,这一和解体现了某种描述世界的能力。总而言之,主体通过移情行为突破自我,将理解自我与理解世界结合起来。

By distinguishing such two different kinds of empathy as empathy with others and empathy with things, and by adopting phenomenology to analyze the action of empathizing with things, the present study aims to supplement the research on empathy. The analysis of empathy, whether as an affective behavior or as a metaphor, manifests an important opposition between an absolute subjective perspective on the one hand and a tendency of being attracted by some objectivity thus escaping from the subjective self. But, such opposition contains certain compromise, which reveals the ability in describing the world. All in all, the Subject breaks through the self through empathy, hence combining understanding the self with understanding the world.