房山石经题记中唐代社邑首领的几个问题

Problems of the Sheyi leaders in the Tang Dynasty in Notes on Fangshan Stone Inscription

房山石经题记中记载的社邑首领名称不一,出现较多的有邑主、社官、平正、录事等。从石经题记来看,平正应为社官之别名,平正与社官非两种社中官职。社官和邑主分别源自两个系统,担任者的身份也有很大差异。维那在房山社邑中出现次数很少,说明在幽州地区此称谓不甚流行,其地位也与论者的某些说法不完全一致。房山社邑首领以二人组合为多,还有部分单独出现的,三官组合较少,说明房山社邑首领还没有像唐末五代时期的敦煌私社那样固定为三官。这与刻经社邑功能单一有关。与东晋南北朝时期佛社相比,房山社邑首领名称由繁杂多样而趋向集中固定。这些称谓一部分源于东晋南北朝时期的佛社首领,更多则来自唐代官社和政府官职的影响。

There appear different names in the records of Notes on Fangshan Stone Inscription, among which most frequently-appearing ones are Yizhu, Sheguan Pingzheng, and Lushi. Judging from Stone Inscription, Pingzheng should be another name for Sheguan, which means that the two are not official positions. Sheguan and Yizhu derived from two different systems, and the identities of the two holders are quite different. Weina, however, appears least frequently., which shows that this address was not popular in the area of Youzhou and that the holder's identity was not consistent with some theorists' statements. Most of the leaders of Fangshan Sheyi were not as fixedly set of three-member leadership as it was in Sishe of Dunhuang in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. This has something to do with the singularity of the functions of Sheyi. Compared with the leaders of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the names of the leaders of Fangshan Sheyi tended to be concentrated and fixed. Some of the titles come from Buddhist leaders in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, while more from the influence of Guanshe and government official positions of the Tang Dynasty.