国有林区森林资源经济转型职工家庭福利研究

Research on the Employee Family Welfare of Workers in the Transformation of Forest Resources Economy in State-Owned Forest Areas

以2014年和2015年国有森工集团全面停止天然林商业性采伐为时间节点,选取"重点国有林区民生监测"项目中2013年和2016年的数据,在Sen的可行能力框架下,应用模糊评价法,分析东北、内蒙古国有林区森林资源经济转型中职工家庭的福利状况。研究结果表明:2016年职工家庭总福利较2013年有所提升,但仍处于较低水平;从福利功能来看,2016年家庭经济状况、社会保障较2013年有所恶化,但社会资本、居住条件和心理状态得到了改善,经济状况、居住条件的边际改善对职工家庭总福利的提升影响最大;从福利差距来看,2016年职工家庭之间的内部福利差距较2013年有所缩小,中低福利水平的职工家庭增多,高福利水平的职工家庭减少。因此,提出帮助职工开展林下经营、改进居住环境的配套设施、完善职工养老体系,加强职业技术培训等建议。

⑴ Background-- After the implementation of stopping felling,the management objectives of the state-owned forest industry group have changed from pursuing economic benefits to focusing on ecological benefits.The transformation of management objectives will inevitably break the original economic structure and institutional arrangements,and then affect the production and life of workers.⑵ Methods-- Under the framework of Sen s feasible ability,the employee family welfare in northeast of China and Inner Mongolia state-owned forest areas in the transformation of forest resources economy was analyzed.Taking the stopping felling as the time node ,the data in the project of “livelihood monitoring in key state-owned forest areas” from 2013 and 2016 were selected to calculate.The fuzzy evaluation method was used to measure the level of employee family welfare.At the same time,the Lorentz curve and the coefficient of welfare difference of employee family welfare were defined by using the calculation method of Lorentz curve and Gini coefficient,and the welfare gap among worker households was measured.⑶ Results-- First,the level of employee family welfare is low.From the perspective of membership value,the total employee family welfare in 2016 has been improved compared with 2013,and it is still below the ambiguous level of 0.5.The living conditions,social capital and psychological status are 0.093,0.109 and 0.083 higher respectively than those in 2013.However,social security has deteriorated compared with 2013,with a decrease of 0.030.Family economic situation is not much different from that in 2013.From the perspective of weight,the promotion of family economic situation,living conditions,social capital and other functions plays a crucial role in employee family welfare.Second,the difference of employee family welfare is slightly reduced.The coefficient of welfare difference in 2016 is slightly smaller than that in 2013.According to the degree of welfare function,employee families are divided into four categories:worst welfare,low welfare,medium welfare and high welfare.There are no employee family with the worst welfare in 2013 and 2016.The number of worker households with low welfare rises from 2.77% in 2013 to 3.55% in 2016.The number of employee families with medium welfare increases from 60.53% to 63.49%.However,the number of employee families with high welfare decreases from 36.72% in 2013 to 32.95% in 2016.The welfare of the majority of employee families has been improved.The number of employee families with medium welfare has increased,while the number of employee families with high welfare has decreased.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions-- Based on the empirical study,four suggestions are put forward:First,workers should be helped to develop the under-forest economy so that workers can have more household business income.The whole industry chain of under-forest products should be upgraded and the added value of forest products should be increased.Second,we should improve the supporting facilities of the living environment,expand city squares,develop night schools,add more movie theaters and so on.Third,we should improve the pension system for workers,pay attention to the ageing of workers,expand the coverage of community health centers,strengthen the construction of universities for the elderly,and improve the street census for the elderly.Fourth,we should strengthen the vocational and technical training to make the workers become a new type of foresters with professional knowledge and improve their employability.Livelihood issues in state-owned forest areas should be solved so as to promote the transformation of forest resources economy.