世界贸易组织改革:挑战、进展与前景展望

WTO Reform: Challenges, Progress and Prospects

世界贸易组织(以下简称WTO)自其诞生以来,因成员异质水平高,相互利益调适难度大,再加上共识决策原则,谈判屡屡陷入僵局,改革难以取得进展。近来美国对国际经济体系利益分配愈发不满,意图联手"志同道合"国家改革WTO,以迫使中国改变经济运行方式。WTO改革因关涉大国规则竞争而更加复杂,不断扩张的地区主义也可能因沦为地缘竞争的工具,对多边贸易体系制度基础形成威胁。中国应坚决维护多边贸易体系,坚持公正、包容而开放的WTO改革方向。在加快自身改革步伐,于合理范围内缩小与西方国家间规则分歧的同时,应致力于使发展中国家发展诉求得到充分重视,维护WTO宗旨和目标。

Since its foundation, the high heterogeneity among its membership, the difficulty in coordinating members’ interests, coupled with the principle of consensus decision-making, WTO negotiations repeatedly come to an impasse and substantive progress is difficult to achieve in its reform. WTO negotiations repeated-ly come to an impasse and substantive progress is difficult to achieve in its reform. Recently, the US, be-coming increasingly dissatisfied with the interest distribution in the current international economic system, tries to reform the WTO with countries sharing similar ideals and beliefs, with the aim to pressure China in-to changing its way of economic growth. WTO reform is becoming more complicated since it involves compe-tition of rules among the great powers. The expanding regionalism may also be turned into tools for geopoliti-cal competition, thus posing an even greater threat to the institutional basis of the multilateral trading sys-tem. China should resolutely defend the multilateral trading system and propel the reform toward fairness, inclusiveness, and openness. While accelerating the pace of reform and opening up, China should narrow the divergence of rules with Western countries within reasonable scope, ensure that due attention is given to addressing development appeals of developing countries, and safeguard WTO’s purposes and principles.