中国海军识别查证美军无人潜航器的正义性分析

On the Justice of Identifying and Verifying the US Unmanned Submersible by the Chinese Navy

探讨、论证中国海军捍卫水下安全的正义性,不仅可以修正、完善经典正义战争论的理论体系,而且可在国际舆论上为中国军事行动的正当性提供依据。通过对2016年末发生的"中国海军识别查证美军无人潜航器"事件进行案例研究,本文分析美军利用军用潜航器对中国沿海地区实施抵近侦查的军事行动对经典正义战争论之中"侵略""自卫""预先防卫"的理论解释构成的冲击。中国海军在南海海域行动的目的是防止水下不明装置对过往船舶的航行安全和人员安全产生危害,不意味着领海范围的扩大,不影响南海相关海域的航行自由,满足行使预先防卫权的正当理由,整个识别过程遵循区分原则和适度原则,符合经典正义战争理论对于军事行动正义性的规约。

Exploring and demonstrating the justice of the Chinese navy defending underwater safety not only contributes to revising and developing the theoretical system of classic justice war theory, but also provides the Chinese military activities with a basis of legitimacy in international opinion. Based on a case study of the incident that ‘the Chinese naval identifies and verifies the unmanned submersible of the US military’ at the end of 2016, the paper analyzes the US military’s use of military submersibles to carry out military de-tections in the Chinese coastal areas which goes against the theoretical interpretation of ‘aggression’,‘self-defense’, and ‘pre-defense’ in the classic justice war theory. The purpose of the Chinese Navy’s opera-tions in the South China Sea is to prevent underwater unidentified devices from jeopardizing the navigation and personnel safety of passing ships. It by no means indicates the expansion of the territorial sea, and it in no way interferes the freedom of navigation in relevant waters of the South China Sea. Such a practice of the Chinese Navy is justified in exercising the right of pre-defense, and the entire identification process follows the principle of distinction and appropriateness, which conforms to stipulations of the classic military ethics theory on the justice of military operations.