本科护生实习前后职业认同的现状及影响因素分析

The status quo and analysis of influencing factors of professional identity of undergraduate nursing students before and after practice

[目的]研究护生实习前后职业认同的现状、差异及影响因素。[方法]对河南省某高校164名护生在实习前后分别采用护生职业认同问卷进行调查。[结果]护生职业认同总分实习后较实习前下降(P<0.01),留职获益与离职风险这个维度实习后得分有明显下降(P<0.01);实习前对护生职业认同有影响的因素有独生子女、担任学生干部和入学志愿;实习6个月后的影响因素有入学志愿。[结论]临床实习对护生职业认同有重要影响。护生实习后职业认同水平低于实习前,提示护理教育者应注重课堂教学与临床实践的衔接,关注护生实习期间的心理状态,积极给予心理调适,帮助护生提高其职业认同感。

Objective: To study the status quo,differences and influencing factors of nursing students′ professional identity before and after practice. Methods: A total of 164 nursing students from a university in Henan Province were investigated before and after practice by using the Nursing Professional Identity Questionnaire. Results: The total score of professional identity of nursing students after practice was lower than that before practice ( P <0.01).The total score of retention benefits and separation risk after practice was dropped significantly( P <0.01).The one child or not,student cadre or not and voluntary college entrance examination were influence factors for professional identity before practice while voluntary college entrance examination after the 6 months practice. Conclusions: Clinical practice had an important influence on the professional identity of nursing students.The level of professional identity of nursing students after practice was lower than that before practice,it suggested that nursing educators should pay attention to the connection between classroom teaching and clinical practice,pay attention to the psychological state of nursing students during practice,actively guide psychological adjustment,and help nursing students to improve their professional identity.