高度近视的遗传学研究进展

Advances in genetics of high myopia

高度近视在全球,尤其是亚洲国家的患病率较高,是致盲的重要原因之一。其发病机制尚不清楚,许多研究表明遗传因素在其中发挥着至关重要的作用。近年来随着全基因组关联分析等新技术的发展,对多个传统高度近视基因位点如MYP1、MYP2上候选基因的研究有了新进展;同时还发现数个新的基因位点如MYP20、MYP21等,对进一步明确高度近视的遗传机制、临床干预和预后分析具有重要意义。

High myopia has a high prevalence in the world,especially in Asia.It is one of the most common causes of blindness.Although the pathogenesis of high myopia is unclear,genetic factors are believed to play a crucial role.In recent years,with the development of genetic methods like genome-wide association analysis,not only progresses have made in candidate gene of traditional high myopia loci such as MYP1,MYP2,but also discoveries of new high myopia loci such as MYP20,MYP21.It is significant to clarify the genetic mechanism,clinical intervention and prognosis analysis of high myopia.