马克思现代性批判思想的双重维度和方法论特征

Double Dimensions and Methodological Features of Marx's Modernity Critique

马克思从物质生产实践的"原本"出发,深入现代社会的物质生产领域,揭示资本逻辑决定的现代性矛盾;同时,马克思批判作为现代性"观念副本"的现代资产阶级意识形态,揭示了被现代资产阶级奉为圭皋的现代"理性"、"自由"等只不过是资本逻辑的观念粉饰。马克思现代性批判理论蕴含了丰富的方法论特征:不论是以辩证法为核心的总体性批判,还是以改造世界为指向的实践性批判,或是以世界市场为视角的世界历史性批判,抑或以共产主义为理想的现代性超越,都指引着马克思揭开现代性的迷雾。马克思现代性批判思想具有鲜活的时代生命力,对新时代中国特色社会主义现代化建设具有重大的理论和实践意义。

Proceeding from his in-depth analysis of the material production in modern society, Marx discovered that the logic of capital determines the contradictory movement of modernity. At the same time, he criticized the modern bourgeois ideology, which is viewed as a“ copy of ideas” of modernity. According to him, the modern notions of“ rationality” and“ freedom” have whitewashed the exploitative nature of capitalist market exchange and competition. In this paper, we argue that his modernity critique entails profound theoretical connotations: in particular, his overall criticism centering on dialectics, practical criticism pointing to the change of the world, historical criticism from the perspective of the development of world market, and proposal of communism as an ideal way to overcome the limitations of modernity. All this guided Marx to uncover the fog shrouding modernity. Full of vitality which is in line with the spirit of the times, Marx’s critique of modernity has significant implications in both theory and practice for building a modernized socialist China in the new era.