战后中法引渡战犯问题交涉

Negotiations on the Extradition of War Criminals between China and France after World War Ⅱ

1944年1月,联合国战争罪行委员会成立后,制定了近代以来国际社会第一份战犯引渡公约——《解递战事罪犯及其他战事违法人犯公约》,公约剔除了传统引渡制度中"政治犯不引渡"的条款,以保证对战犯的彻底追究和惩治。二战结束后,中法两国达成以该公约为相互引渡战犯依据的协议,在处置战犯问题上从冲突走向司法合作,保证了战犯审判的顺利进行。中法两国在引渡战犯上的初步实践,较为全面地诠释了公约的主要原则和精神,也开启了现代国际社会通过司法合作惩处战争犯罪的先例。同时也是废除治外法权后,中国政府处理外交事务的一次成功案例,对于当今社会处理国际事务富有启迪。

After the establishment of the United Nations War Crimes Commission in January 1944, the first convention of international war criminals’ extradition was set up in modern times. The Convention eliminated the clause of“ political offenders” in the traditional extradition system to ensure thorough investigation and punishment of war criminals. After the end of the Second World War, China and France reached a consensus on extraditing the war criminals based on the provisions of the Convention, which marked the turning point from conflicts to cooperation on the handling of war criminals, and also guaranteed the smooth trial of war criminals. The preliminary practice of the extradition of war criminals between China and France comprehensively interpreted the main principles and spirit of the Convention. It also became the precedent in the modern international society for punishing the war crimes through judicial cooperation. Furthermore, it was also a successful case of Chinese government’s dealing with foreign affairs in the process of restoring its diplomatic sovereignty after the abolition of extraterritoriality. The case is instructive in today’s society for how to successfully handle international affairs.