矮秆蓖麻主要农艺性状杂种优势及其遗传参数分析

Heterosis and Genetic Parameter Analysis of the Main Agronomic Traits of Dwarf Castor

为了明确矮秆蓖麻杂交组合主要农艺性状的杂种优势及遗传力,分析了30个矮秆蓖麻F_1杂交组合的主要农艺性状的杂种优势及遗传参数.结果表明,同一性状不同组合间,同一组合不同性状的杂种优势差异较大,在矮秆蓖麻产量相关的12个性状中,一级分枝蒴果数、二级及其他分枝蒴果数、单株蒴果数、二级及其他分枝有效果穗数、单株产量的超亲优势平均表现均大于0,分别为46.43%,125.04%,29.96%,2.55%,1.13%,相对来说,这5个性状在蓖麻产量性状中的超亲优势较高;遗传变异系数较小的性状有容重、门桩结果长与穗全长比例、百粒重、平均结果长与穗全长比例、主茎结果长与穗全长比例、主茎节数、茎粗、株高;遗传变异系数较大的性状有单株有效分枝数、主茎果穗长度、单株有效果穗数、二级及其他有效分枝数、二级及其他有效果穗数、二级及其他蒴果数;狭义遗传力较高的性状有一级分枝蒴果数、门桩果穗长度、主茎果穗长度、容重,可在低世代进行选择;狭义遗传力较低的性状有单株蒴果数、百粒重、主茎果穗蒴果密度、一级有效果穗数、二级及其他有效果穗数,则宜在较高的世代选择.

Thirty dwarf castor F1 hybrid combinations were analyzed to clarify the heterosis and heritability of the main agronomic traits.The heterosis differs with their different combinations and traits.Among the 12 traits related to the yield of dwarf castor hybrids,the number of first,secondary and other branch capsules,the number of capsules per plant,the number of spike on the secondary and other branches,and heterobeltiosis of yield per plant,were 46.43%,125.04%,29.96%,2.55%and 1.13%,respectively.Comparatively speaking,these five traits have higher heterobeltiosis in castor bean yields traits.Traits with small genetic variation coefficients are as follows:bulk density,the ratio of length of capsule to panicle on the door pile,the 100-grain weight,average ratio of capsule to panicle length,the ratio of length of capsule to panicle on the main stem,the node number of main stem,the stem diameter,and plant height.Traits with large genetic variation coefficients are as follows:the number of effective branches per plant,the length of the main stem and the number of effective spikes per plant,the number of effective branches and spikes on the secondary and others,and the number of secondary and other branch capsules.The traits with higher heritability in the narrow sense include the number of first branch capsules,the length of the panicle on the door pile,the length of the main stem panicle,and the bulk density,which can be selected in the lower generations.The traits with lower heritability in the narrow sense include the number of capsules per plant,100-grain weight,the density of the main stem capsules,the number of effective spikes on the first,secondary and other branches,which can be selected in the higher generation.