改革开放以来中国城-城迁移家庭生活水平变迁研究——基于一个老年家庭的账本数据(1986—2017)

Changes in Income and Expenditure in the Urban Migrant Household in China:Based on the Account of an Aged Family (1986—2017)

采用单案例纵向分析方法,对一个城市迁移家庭的收支账本数据(1986—2017年)进行收集整理,分别研究迁移家庭与国家经济发展的关系,并与迁入地、迁出地平均收入和支出水平进行比较,分析影响迁移家庭生活水平变迁的因素。研究发现:第一,向经济发达地区迁移的城市家庭一定程度上分享到国家经济发展成果;第二,由于地区经济发展水平的巨大差异,严重影响了迁移家庭的相对收支水平,实质上降低了迁移家庭生活质量;第三,退休金增长制度、户籍改革制度、代际孝顺行为一定程度上减缓了对迁移家庭的负面冲击;第四,家庭结构的变化对于迁移家庭的影响不确定,取决于经济、社会、文化等多个因素的均衡考虑。

The aims of this paper are to analyze the correlation between the migrant household and national economic development, to find out the differences of income and expenditure among the migrant households, to compare the average income and expenditure of the origin with those of the destination, and to suggest the influences that affect the migrant household s living quality. The study finds that,(1)the migrant households that moved from developing areas to developed areas still shared the benefits of the national development;(2)the relative level of income and expenditure of the migrant households are seriously influenced and their living quality is actually reduced due to the great differences in different regional economic development;(3)The pension increase system, the household registry reform system, and the intergenerational filial piety have partly slowed down the negative impact on the migrant household;(4)it is no clear that how the change of the family structure affects the migrant household s living standard. A balanced consideration of economic, social, cultural factors is required.