治安维持与市政治理之矛盾——绅商自治与军阀统治时代上海南市警察的运作比较(1905～1923)

The Contradiction Between Peace Preservation and Municipal Governance:A Comparison of Operation of Shanghai Nanshi Police in the Periods of Gentry-merchant’s Self-Governance and Warlords,1905-1923

1905~1923年,绅商自治时代的上海南市警察主要是本地出身,经费支出依靠自治机构的财政支出,警察职权以治安维持为主,并含有有限的市政治理职能。军阀统治时代的南市警察则主要是异地出身,经费支出则依靠江苏省财政支出,不足者以罚款等方式补充,警察职权面临着治安维持和市政治理的矛盾,在有限的警力条件下要承担原本市政机构应承担的许多职能,工巡捐局与警察厅共同提升了上海南市的行政成本,且模糊了市政和警察之间的界限。

From 1905 to 1923,In the era of self-governance when the Nanshi Police were mostly local people,the spending arose from the fiscal spending of self-governance organization,their duty was mainly to maintain peace with limited function of social administration. In the era of warlord’s rule when Nanshi Police were mostly people from outside,its spending relied on the fiscal expenditure of Jiangsu Province with remedies by fines,the police’s duty was eroded by the conflict between peace preservation and municipal governance,the limited police force had to shoulder many duties of other municipal organizations,the Industry Patrol and Donation Bureau and the Police Bureau increased the executive cost,and blurred the boundary between municipality and police.