城市基层治理中的社会冲突与政策转向——以战后天津摊贩整治为中心的考察

Social Conflict and Policy Reorientationin Urban Grass-root Governance:with the Management of Vendors in Post-war Tianjin as a Case

战后天津的摊贩问题超越了单纯的摊商冲突,在中共动员和媒体渲染之下,发展成为拷问政府治理能力的社会冲突。为应对冲突,国民政府将其社会治理的主导话语由建设转为维稳,并不遗余力地调和摊商矛盾、防范中共动员。但在内战的背景下,社会整体呈现倾颓之势,社会冲突无法得到根治,政府的基层治理也必将陷入困顿之中。

The process of industrialization of Japan started in the late 19th Century. However,the municipal system of Meiji Government was a local self-governance institution of urban aristocracy,which restricted the power of mayors and the participation by the public. The defects of municipal system represented by the Tokyo water supply system led to the power-for-money corruption between the bureaucrats and privileged merchants. Japanese government responded by dissolving and reelecting city councils,but to no avails. The municipal corruption in the early industrialization of Japan caused the negative influence on the urban development,which accumulated social contradiction in social transition and made urban diseases to be worse.