美国的城市腐败与反腐败

City Corruption and Anti-Corruption in America

在19世纪和20世纪初,美国经历了极其严重的腐败问题,其中城市腐败是美国政治体系中具有代表性的腐败形式。当时特殊的历史环境以及制度设计方面的不完善和缺失导致了城市腐败的泛滥。然而,经过进步主义和新政时期的改革以及其他方面的制度完善,美国已在很大程度上控制了腐败的滋生。从美国的经验可以看出,制度性的改革可以有效地将腐败的危害限制在一定范围内。城市的自治和监督机制的多元化都有助于遏制腐败,其中民众对于市政管理的参与至关重要。

After World War Ⅱ, the issue of street vendors in Tianjin was merely about the conflict of vendors. Under the mobilization of the CPC and the propaganda of the m edia, it became a social conflict to test the governance capacity of the government. In order to deal with the conflict, the GMT government changed the leading discourse of its social governance from construction to maintaining stability, and tried its best to reconcile the contradiction among vendors and prohibit the mobilization of the CPC. But under the background of civil war, with the disintegration of the whole society, social conflicts could not be eradicated, the grass-root governance of the government would surely be in halt.