观念转变与城市创新:基于天津贫民工厂的社会空间分析

Conceptual Change and City Innovation:Based on the Social Space Analysis of Pauper Factory in Tianjin

城市发展过程中人口集聚所导致的空间矛盾,是城市化过程中产生的问题之一。民国时期贫民工厂这一公共空间所承载的社会救助实践揭示了贫民工厂建设的内在逻辑,即建设主体随着观念层面对贫民认知的转变,不断创新其实践逻辑。国家与社会力量在建设贫民工厂的过程中,经历了从授予贫民技艺到保障个体权利的变化;从空间发展的角度来看,经历了从建构教养空间到构筑良性的生存空间的改变,这种改变背后是对城市空间治理逻辑的不断体认。该过程蕴含了中国城市建设早期城市伦理、国家责任及公民权利的发轫与进步,厘清它有助于在城市发展中加深对以人为本理念的认识。

The space contradiction caused by population aggregation is one of the most important questions in the process of urbanization. As a public space,pauper factory carried out social relief practice during the Republic of China. It revealed the inner logic of pauper factory construction,that is,the builders kept innovating its practice with the change of outlook on the poor. The process contained the origin and development of conceptions of Chinese early urban construction ethics,state responsibility,civil rights and so on. Clarifying this process will enhance our understanding of people-oriented concept,rebuilding the relationship between man and city and emphasizing the concept that city serves to people’s development.